1.  

Article types	Original article
Language	English
Refereed paper	Not refereed
Title	Arm heating to relieve Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis: A single-arm multicentre prospective clinical trial.
Journal	Formal name：Modern rheumatology ISSN code：14397609/14397595
Domestic / Foregin	Foregin
Papers・Author	Watanabe Akane, Shima Yoshihito, Takahashi Hiroki, Akiyama Yuji, Kodera Masanori, Jinnin Masatoshi, Azuma Naoto, Ishii Koji, Kumanogoh Atsushi.
Publication date	2022/09
Papers・Description	OBJECTIVE: Raynaud's phenomenon, one of the major symptoms of systemic sclerosis (SSc), is difficult to treat. Although it is empirically considered that warming is a beneficial technique, there is no supportive evidence. We conducted a multicentre study to evaluate whether continuous heating of the arm alleviates Raynaud's phenomenon in SSc. METHODS: A pair of disposable warmers was applied to the upper arm near the elbow of patients with SSc. Two weeks of non-warmer application were followed by two weeks of warmer application, which was repeated twice. The Raynaud Condition Score (RCS), number of episodes, and duration of Raynaud's phenomenon were recorded. The differences in the mean RCS, frequency, and duration of Raynaud's phenomenon between the warmer application and non-application periods were analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were included in the analysis. The average RCS was 1.98 and 2.66 during the warmer application and non-application periods, respectively.